Spatiotemporal Characteristics Analysis and Driving Forces Assessment of Flash Floods in Altay

Flash floods are devastating natural disasters worldwide. Understanding their spatiotemporal distributions and driving factors is essential for identifying high risk areas predicting hydrological conditions. In this study, several methods were used to analyze the changing patterns of flash in Altay region. Results indicate that number each year increased 1980–2015, with two sudden change points (1996 2008), April, June, July presented highest frequency events. Habahe Jeminay known have flood incidences; however, currently, City, Fuhai, Fuyun, Qinghe most affected. terms force analysis, precipitation altitude performance a key impact on occurrence settlement compared other subregions, percentage increase mean squared error value 39, 37, 33 10 min 20-year return period, elevation, 60 6 h 24 respectively. The study results provide insights into spatial–temporal dynamics scientific basis policymakers set improvement targets specific areas.